{"id":285,"date":"2026-05-26T18:26:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T21:26:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arg-agro.com.ar\/actualidad\/opinion-moderniser-le-cadre-de-securite-sanitaire-des-aliments-de-la-fda-pas-le-demanteler\/"},"modified":"2026-05-26T18:26:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T21:26:57","slug":"opinion-moderniser-le-cadre-de-securite-sanitaire-des-aliments-de-la-fda-pas-le-demanteler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arg-agro.com.ar\/actualidad\/opinion-moderniser-le-cadre-de-securite-sanitaire-des-aliments-de-la-fda-pas-le-demanteler\/","title":{"rendered":"Opinion : Moderniser le cadre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire des aliments de la FDA, pas le d\u00e9manteler"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Ayant pass\u00e9 une bonne partie de ma carri\u00e8re dans la r\u00e9glementation de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire des aliments, j\u2019ai vu le fonctionnement interne de la cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire am\u00e9ricaine d\u2019un point de vue que peu de personnes peuvent observer. Fort d\u2019un doctorat en microbiologie et d\u2019une exp\u00e9rience de plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie \u00e0 diriger des \u00e9quipes \u00e0 la Food and Drug Administration qui examinaient des p\u00e9titions relatives aux aliments et aux colorants, des avis GRAS et des consultations en biotechnologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, j\u2019ai navigu\u00e9 dans le processus complexe qui d\u00e9finit la mani\u00e8re dont le gouvernement prot\u00e8ge ce qui se trouve sur les tables \u00e0 manger \u00e0 travers le pays. Une chose est claire aujourd\u2019hui : des normes nationales uniformes pour notre alimentation sont essentielles pour tenir les promesses visant \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer la sant\u00e9 des Am\u00e9ricains.<\/p>\n

Les experts s\u2019accordent \u00e0 dire que le cadre Generally Recognized as Safe, ou GRAS, est un pilier vital, fond\u00e9 sur la science, de l\u2019architecture r\u00e9glementaire de la FDA. Comme c\u2019est le cas pour de nombreux organismes de r\u00e9glementation, il m\u00e9rite une modernisation afin de garantir les niveaux de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s et d\u2019accro\u00eetre la vigilance des consommateurs. Ce qui distingue GRAS des autres travaux r\u00e9glementaires, c\u2019est l\u2019expression \u00ab g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement reconnu \u00bb. Ces mots portent un poids juridique et scientifique consid\u00e9rable et sont rarement suffisamment expliqu\u00e9s dans les d\u00e9bats publics sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Dans le cadre codifi\u00e9 par le 21 CFR 170.30(b), la reconnaissance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 fond\u00e9e sur des proc\u00e9dures scientifiques exige la m\u00eame quantit\u00e9 et la m\u00eame qualit\u00e9 de preuves scientifiques que celles requises pour une r\u00e9glementation d\u2019additifs alimentaires, mais avec l\u2019exigence additionnelle<\/em> que ces preuves soient g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement disponibles et refl\u00e8tent un consensus parmi des experts qualifi\u00e9s dans les domaines pertinents.<\/p>\n

Cela signifie aussi qu\u2019un fabricant d\u2019aliments ne peut pas s\u2019appuyer sur une seule \u00e9tude favorable qui n\u2019est pas accessible \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9valuation par des scientifiques ind\u00e9pendants, et qu\u2019une conclusion GRAS ne peut pas reposer uniquement sur l\u2019avis de consultants retenus par le fabricant.<\/p>\n

Certains critiques estiment que nous devrions supprimer la disposition GRAS au niveau f\u00e9d\u00e9ral et placer les substances GRAS sous un cadre d\u2019additifs tout en continuant \u00e0 permettre aux \u00c9tats de mettre en \u0153uvre leurs propres cadres r\u00e9glementaires relatifs aux ingr\u00e9dients alimentaires. En tant que personne qui conna\u00eet de premi\u00e8re main les implications techniques de telles id\u00e9es et les difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 rassembler des corps d\u2019experts bien dot\u00e9s, ind\u00e9pendants et disposant des connaissances techniques appropri\u00e9es, cette tendance est pr\u00e9occupante.<\/p>\n

Un patchwork de cadres GRAS sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 chaque \u00c9tat appliquant des ensembles diff\u00e9rents de normes scientifiques \u00e0 la m\u00eame cha\u00eene d\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire nationale cr\u00e9e une incoh\u00e9rence r\u00e9glementaire, mine la coh\u00e9rence scientifique et \u00e9rode davantage la confiance du public dans l\u2019int\u00e9grit\u00e9 du syst\u00e8me am\u00e9ricain de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

De plus, plaider en faveur de l\u2019\u00ab option nucl\u00e9aire \u00bb, sans appr\u00e9cier les cons\u00e9quences pour notre syst\u00e8me alimentaire, est pr\u00e9cipit\u00e9 et irresponsable. Permettre aux \u00c9tats de prendre ces responsabilit\u00e9s suppl\u00e9mentaires cr\u00e9era une toile de r\u00e8glements contradictoires, jetant en m\u00eame temps chaque substance alimentaire dans le processus long et co\u00fbteux de p\u00e9tition pour les additifs alimentaires, ce qui imposera un fardeau inutile \u00e0 la FDA et freinera l\u2019innovation. En fin de compte, le manque d\u2019innovation d\u00e9savantage les consommateurs qui recherchent de plus en plus des produits adapt\u00e9s \u00e0 des objectifs de sant\u00e9 vari\u00e9s, \u00e0 des sensibilit\u00e9s allergiques, \u00e0 des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences culturelles et \u00e0 des attentes de commodit\u00e9. Ces aspects d\u00e9pendent d\u2019un environnement r\u00e9glementaire capable de soutenir une \u00e9valuation rapide et fond\u00e9e sur la science des nouveaux ingr\u00e9dients et technologies. Le Congr\u00e8s a agi sur l\u2019\u00e9tiquetage des aliments issus de sources biotechnologiques afin de mettre en place un syst\u00e8me uniforme plut\u00f4t que de laisser se multiplier des normes \u00e9tatiques potentiellement contradictoires ; de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re, il devrait utiliser son autorit\u00e9 pour garantir une solution nationale uniforme.<\/p>\n

Le Congr\u00e8s explore actuellement une r\u00e9forme du GRAS afin de renforcer le processus et d\u2019apporter une supervision nationale accrue en octroyant des pouvoirs \u00e9largis \u00e0 la FDA. La repr\u00e9sentante Kat Cammack a r\u00e9cemment publi\u00e9 une version pr\u00e9liminaire de la l\u00e9gislation, le FRESH and Affordable Foods Act, visant \u00e0 \u00e9tablir une norme uniforme, nationale et fond\u00e9e sur la science. En rendant obligatoire l\u2019enregistrement GRAS pour les substances pr\u00e9-\u00e9nactement et la notification pour les substances post-\u00e9nactement, le FRESH and Affordable Foods Act garantit que la FDA dispose d\u2019un inventaire complet et en temps r\u00e9el de chaque substance dans l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire faisant commerce entre les \u00c9tats et pr\u00e9serve les fondements scientifiques de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire tout en ajoutant une couche robuste de responsabilit\u00e9 pour les consommateurs. Cela permet \u00e0 l\u2019agence d\u2019agir comme autorit\u00e9 centrale plut\u00f4t que d\u2019avoir un patchwork de mandats \u00e9tatiques potentiellement contradictoires et duplicatifs.<\/p>\n

Durant mes ann\u00e9es \u00e0 la FDA, nous avons men\u00e9 des \u00e9valuations GRAS solides, mais le caract\u00e8re volontaire du programme et sa mise en \u0153uvre ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une perception d\u2019un manquement \u00e0 la transparence. Les retards sont souvent dus \u00e0 des limites de personnel et de financement, plut\u00f4t qu\u2019\u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 des scientifiques de la FDA \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les donn\u00e9es scientifiques. La FRESH and Affordable Foods Act r\u00e9soudrait ce probl\u00e8me en finan\u00e7ant ad\u00e9quatement les actions d\u2019application par la FDA et en autorisant une redevance d\u2019enregistrement bisannuelle pour les \u00e9tablissements alimentaires.<\/p>\n

Renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et la rigueur scientifique de l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire am\u00e9ricain n\u00e9cessite une modernisation, et non une d\u00e9molition. Les piliers de ce socle sont des preuves scientifiques solides, l\u2019\u00e9valuation par des experts impartiaux et qualifi\u00e9s, et un processus r\u00e9glementaire uniforme, mais agile, capable de soutenir une innovation continue tout en maintenant la confiance du public dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019approvisionnement alimentaire. <\/strong><\/p>\n

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Perspective d\u2019un expert en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et en biotechnologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale au sein des agences f\u00e9d\u00e9rales.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":286,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"class_list":["post-285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualidad","generate-columns","tablet-grid-50","mobile-grid-100","grid-parent","grid-50"],"yoast_head":"\nOpinion : Moderniser le cadre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire des aliments de la FDA, pas le d\u00e9manteler - ARG-AGRO Semilleria Venta de Semillas e Insumos para el Agro<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arg-agro.com.ar\/actualidad\/opinion-moderniser-le-cadre-de-securite-sanitaire-des-aliments-de-la-fda-pas-le-demanteler\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Opinion : Moderniser le cadre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sanitaire des aliments de la FDA, pas le d\u00e9manteler - 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